(By: Dr. Archana Dhawan Bajaj)

The cervix, which has long been seen as a passive component in the reproductive system, serves as a vital gateway between the vagina and the uterus. The cervix has frequently been overlooked in reproductive research and clinical practice, with the majority of emphasis focusing on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus.

The cervix is a complex structure that generates cervical fluid, also known as cervical mucus, which varies cyclically in response to hormonal swings throughout the ovarian-menstrual cycle. This cervical fluid is critical to the reproductive process because it either facilitates or inhibits sperm movement. 

The Connection Between The Cervix And Fertilty:

Cervical mucus not only serves as a medium for sperm transport but also acts as a selective barrier, allowing only the most motile and morphologically normal sperm to pass into the uterus.

Your cervical health can impact your fertility in a variety of ways. Your cervix may not operate correctly due to infections, cervical cancer, or anatomical issues. A poorly functioning cervix may have resulted in issues if it did not contain the cervical fluid that aids in the transfer of sperm and the protective barrier it forms throughout pregnancy.

Following ovulation, your cervical fluid becomes sticky and thick, functioning as a barrier to sperm. If this occurs at the time of ovulation, it may prevent sperm from reaching the egg, preventing fertilization and pregnancy. If you become pregnant, poor cervical health might lead to miscarriage or premature labor.

Cervical diseases, such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), can have a detrimental influence on fertility. Infections induce inflammation and scarring of the cervix, compromising its normal function and increasing the chance of infertility.

Preventive Measures And Early Detection:

Early identification and treatment, as well as prevention actions, are critical for protecting cervical health and fertility. The best method to maintain your cervix healthy is to get regular cervical screenings and stay up to date on your HPV immunizations.

HPV vaccine minimizes the chance of developing HPV-related illnesses such as genital warts and cervical cancer. Since its implementation, HPV cases have been significantly reduced.

Tips To Improve Cervical Health:

In addition to having regular cervical screenings and getting the HPV vaccine, there are lifestyle changes you can do to avoid cervical cancer, enhance your cervical health, and hence your fertility.

• To lower your risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) such as HPV, practice safe sex with barrier methods of contraception such as condoms. You should also get frequent tests, particularly before and after having sex with a new sexual partner.


• Maintain a healthy weight and exercise frequently by eating a balanced and nutritious diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, as well as engaging in regular exercise to promote cervical health.


• Staying hydrated by drinking at least two litres of water every day not only benefits your general health and well-being, but also helps to maintain your
  cervical mucus, which is essential for fertility and a safe pregnancy.


• Quitting smoking is another important aspect for maintaining a healthy cervix and increase your fertility. It increases the risk of cervical cancer and reduces the body's capacity to fight cervical infections.


• A healthy cervix produces cervical fluid (also known as vaginal discharge), which you may detect in your underwear. You may discover what is typical for your body by recording your menstrual cycle, including how much cervical fluid fluctuates with each cycle.


• Finally, consult your doctor if you have any of the following symptoms: bleeding between periods or after sex, discomfort during or after sex, unexplained lower back pain, or odd vaginal discharge. This might be a sign of cervical infection or malignancy.

Dr. Archana Dhawan Bajaj is Gynecologist, Obstetrician and IVF Expert at Nurture IVF Clinic, New Delhi

[Disclaimer: The information provided in the article, including treatment suggestions shared by doctors, is intended for general informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.]